The Signoria and councils of Florence issued a decree: Whereas the foremost man of all this city, the lately deceased Lorenzo de' Medici, did, during his whole life, neglect no opportunity of protecting, increasing, adorning and raising this city, but was always ready with counsel, authority and painstaking, in thought and deed; shrank from neither trouble nor danger for the good of the state and its freedom..... it has seemed good to the Senate and people of Florence.... to establish a public testimonial of gratitude to the memory of such a man, in order that virtue might not be unhonoured among Florentines, and that, in days to come, other citizens may be incited to serve the commonwealth with might and wisdom. In the aftermath of the Pazzi Conspiracy and the punishment of Pope Sixtus IV’s supporters, the Medici and Florence suffered from the wrath of the Holy See, which seized all the Medici assets Sixtus could find, excommunicated Lorenzo and the entire government of Florence, and ultimately put the entire Florentine city-state under interdict. His death occurred during the end of the Golden Age of Florence. The death of Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici. However, with little support from the traditional Medici allies in Bologna and Milan (the latter being convulsed by power struggles among the Milanese ruling family, the Sforza), the war dragged on, and only diplomacy by Lorenzo, who personally traveled to Naples, resolved the crisis. In his poetry, he celebrates life while acknowledging with melancholy the fragility and instability of the human condition, particularly in his later works. [citation needed] The marriage in person took place in Florence on 4 June 1469. Correspondingly, how did the Medici family end? On Easter Sunday, 26 April 1478, in an incident called the Pazzi conspiracy, a group headed by Girolamo Riario, Francesco Pazzi, and Francesco Salviati, the Archbishop of Pisa, with the blessing of his patron Pope Sixtus IV, attacked Lorenzo and his brother and co-ruler Giuliano in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in an attempt to seize control of the Florentine government. Lorenzo de' Medici appears as a supporting character to the protagonist. Lorenzo is remembered as The Magnificent for his political astuteness as well as his artistic skills. Lorenzo's grandfather, Cosimo de' Medici, was the first member of the Medici family to lead the Republic of Florence and run the Medici Bank simultaneously. [6], Lorenzo, considered the most promising of the five children of Piero and Lucrezia, was tutored by a diplomat and bishop, Gentile de' Becchi, and the humanist philosopher Marsilio Ficino,[8] and he was trained in Greek by John Argyropoulos. He also ensured a period of peace among the various Italian powers through his influence and important friendships. Cosimo had started the collection of books that became the Medici Library (also called the Laurentian Library), and Lorenzo expanded it. He ruled Florence with his younger brother Giuliano (1453–78) from 1469 to 1478 and, after the latter’s assassination, was sole ruler from 1478 to 1492. Love, feasts and light dominate his verse.[29]. While many dispute its historical accuracy, the lavish production captures the seize-the-day spirit of the age. Florence Inferno is a blog about the Florentine mysteries, symbols, and places that are mentioned in Dan Brown’s latest novel Inferno, and much more about the city. Lorenzo's agents retrieved from the East large numbers of classical works, and he employed a large workshop to copy his books and disseminate their content across Europe. At the age of 16, Lorenzo entered politics and demonstrated excellent qualities in administering the family’s fortunes. As a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. Lorenzo de' Medici, the brilliant, learned, and ruthless head of a wealthy banking family, ruled the Italian city-state of Florence in the Renaissance. [42], Italian statesman and de facto dictator of the Florentine Republic, Paintings by Botticelli that use the Medici family as models. That success enabled Lorenzo to secure constitutional changes within the Florentine Republic’s government, which further enhanced his own power. [25], Efforts to acquire revenue from the mining of alum in Tuscany unfortunately marred Lorenzo's reputation. Lorenzo de’ Medici (January 1, 1449 – April 9, 1492) – called Il Magnifico (The Magnificent) – is probably the most well-known member of the Medici family; he was the son of Piero de’ Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni and the grandson of Cosimo the Elder. To this day, his death mask is preserved in the Museo degli Argenti in Palazzo Pitti. [24], Lorenzo rallied the citizens. Lorenzo de’Medici In Death. Apart from a personal interest, Lorenzo also used the Florentine milieu of fine arts for his diplomatic efforts. [15] Even Lorenzo's close friend Niccolo Valori described him as homely, saying, "nature had been a stepmother to him in regards to his personal appearance, although she had acted as a loving mother in all things concocted with the mind. She was deeply unpopular in Florence because of her religious views … Although Lorenzo did not commission many works himself, he helped these artists to secure commissions from other patrons. Lorenzo’s interest in antiquity is further underlined by the keenness with which he built up an expensive collection of antiquities, including sculptures, gems, cameos, vases, and large-scale marble sculptures. In 1523, after serving four years as ruler of Florence, Giulio ascended to the papacy as Pope Clement VII.[34]. Toward the end of Lorenzo's life, Florence came under the influence of Savonarola, who believed Christians had strayed too far into Greco-Roman culture. I will check out the novel. She married Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492) 7 February 1469 JL . For these reasons, Lorenzo was the subject of the Pazzi conspiracy (1478), in which his brother Giuliano was assassinated. He was endowed with beautiful features and proved to be a good soldier, but he was [39], Lorenzo was buried with his brother Giuliano in the Church of San Lorenzo in the red porphyry sarcophagus designed for Piero and Giovanni de' Medici, not, as might be expected, in the New Sacristy, designed by Michelangelo. Lorenzo was influential and an important part on Italian renaissance. In 1469 Piero organized a joust to celebrate Lorenzo’s marriage to Clarice Orsini. "Florentine Palaces & Their Stories". Lorenzo de’ Medici was an Italian politician, statesman, diplomat, banker, and de facto ruler of the Republic of Florence. Page 250. Her choice fell on the daughter of Jacopo Monterotondo and… The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, the seventh family member to serve as grand duke of Tuscany. He wrote, "I do not regret this for though many would consider it better to have a part of that sum in their purse, I consider it to have been a great honour to our state, and I think the money was well-expended and I am well-pleased."[31]. Lorenzo de’ Medici, byname Lorenzo the Magnificent, Italian Lorenzo il Magnifico, (born January 1, 1449, Florence [Italy]—died April 9, 1492, Careggi, near Florence), Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici. [37] Many signs and portents were claimed to have taken place at the moment of his death, including the dome of Florence Cathedral being struck by lightning, ghosts appearing, and the lions kept at Via Leone fighting one another.[38]. And in 1472 he won the hearts of all Florentines by saving the cit… He held the balance of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political conditions on the Italian peninsula for decades, and his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the Golden Age of Florence. The most notable of the rival families was the Pazzi, who nearly brought Lorenzo’s reign to an end immediately after it began. The Medici, the dynasty that governed Renaissance Florence, blazed into the 21st century in a three-part series, now streaming on Netflix.. Piero died on Dec. 5, 1469, and 2 days later the 20-year-old Lorenzo was asked by a delegation of eminent citizens to take control of the state. Lorenzo's mother, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, was a writer of sonnets and a friend to poets and philosophers of the Medici Academy. Lorenzo played a role in bringing Savonarola to Florence. That success enabled Lorenzo to secure constitutional changes within the government of the Florentine Republic that further enhanced his own power. In the spring of 1467 Lorenzo de Medici's mother, Lucrezia Tournabuoni, went to Rome. Giuliano de’ Medici (left) and Lorenzo the Magnificent (right) Giuliano de’ Medici: A few facts. Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici, known as Lorenzo il Magnifico, third of the Medici dynasty, was lord of Florence from 1469 to his death. Contessina Antonia Romola de' Medici (1478–1515), Lorenzo de' Medici is depicted as a teenager in. Lorenzo de’ Medici’s exact cause of death. Lorenzo sent mercenaries to suppress the revolt by force, and the mercenaries ultimately sacked the city. However, despite Lorenzo being struck with grief over his brother's death, actor Daniel recently told press including Express.co.uk that viewers … Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (Italian: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi]; 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492)[1] was an Italian statesman, banker, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. [18][19] Rival Florentine families inevitably harboured resentments over the Medicis' dominance, and enemies of the Medici remained a factor in Florentine life long after Lorenzo's passing. Lorenzo's court included artists such as Piero and Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were instrumental in achieving the 15th-century Renaissance. Lorenzo was an artist and wrote poetry in his native Tuscan. In particular, Lorenzo attended the Platonic Academy of Marsilio Ficino, who had a big influence on many elements of Florentine culture. He personified the model of the Renaissance prince. Lorenzo de' Medici died during the night of April 8/9, 1492, at the long-time family villa of Careggi (Florentine reckoni… Lorenzo de’ Medici … This bust may copy a wax statue made to commemorate Lorenzo's survival in 1478, when an assassination plot took the life of his younger brother. How did Lorenzo de’ Medici die? In 1559, the bodies of Lorenzo de' Medici ("the Magnificent") and his brother Giuliano were interred in the New Sacristy in an unmarked tomb beneath Michelangelo's statue of the Madonna. Janet Ross. In 1494, he squandered his father's patrimony and brought down the Medici dynasty in Florence. Your email address will not be published. By then, the Medici family had lost all support of the people of Florence, who were under Savonarola's guidance. Contents 1 Youth 2 Politics 3 Patronage 4 Marriage and children 5 Later years 6 In popular culture 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links Youth Lorenzo's grandfather, Cosimo de' Medici, was the first member of the Medici family to combine This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 00:51. Already drained by his grandfather's building projects and constantly stressed by mismanagement, wars, and political expenses, the assets of the Medici Bank reduced seriously during the course of Lorenzo's lifetime. News of the conspiracy spread throughout Florence and was brutally put down by the populace through such measures as the lynching of the Archbishop of Pisa and the death of the Pazzi family members who were involved. [7] She became her son's advisor after the deaths of his father and uncle. First the Roman Curia in 1462, and then Lorenzo and the Medici Bank less than a year later, got involved in backing the mining operation, with the pope taking a two-ducat commission for each cantar quintal of alum retrieved and ensuring a monopoly against the Turkish-derived goods by prohibiting trade in alum with infidels. The rumour that Savonarola damned Lorenzo on his deathbed has been refuted in Roberto Ridolfi's book Vita di Girolamo Savonarola. February 24, 2010. In an attempt to … Lorenzo’s father, Piero di Cosimo de’ Medici, was equally at the centre of Florentine life, chiefly as an art patron and collector, like his father Cosimo de’ Medici, who was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and the first member of the Medici family to combine running the Medici Bank with leading the Republic of Florence.Lorenzo’s mother, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, was a writer of sonnets and a friend to poets and philosophers of the Medic… [40] According to Williamson and others, the statues of the lesser Lorenzo and Giuliano were carved by Michelangelo to incorporate the essence of the famous men. [18], Thereafter, Lorenzo, like his grandfather Cosimo de' Medici, pursued a policy of maintaining peace, balancing power between the northern Italian states and keeping major European states such as France and the Holy Roman Empire out of Italy. Lorenzo enhanced the prestige and stability of his house when he came to an agreement with Pope Sixtus IV in 1471 by which the Medici would continue to handle the papal finances. When these moves had little effect, Sixtus formed a military alliance with King Ferdinand I of Naples, whose son, Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, led an invasion of the Florentine Republic, still ruled by Lorenzo. An example includes the commission of Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, Pietro Perugino and Cosimo Rosselli from Rome to paint murals in the Sistine Chapel, a move that has been interpreted as sealing the alliance between Lorenzo and Pope Sixtus IV.[30]. Also, didn’t know how he died. The most infamous Renaissance murder was the assault on Giuliano and Lorenzo de'Medici. The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he helped maintain among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. This post was originally published in October 28, 2013, and has been updated and enriched on March 15, 2017. He had a flat nose, a nasal high-pitched voice and didn’t look the … However, with little support from the traditional Medici allies in Bologna and Milan,[20] the war dragged on, and only diplomacy by Lorenzo, who personally traveled to Naples and became a prisoner of the king for several months, ultimately resolved the crisis. [26] When they realized the value of the alum mine, the people of Volterra wanted its revenues for their municipal funds rather than having it enter the pockets of their Florentine backers. After Lorenzo's death in 1492, the Medicis were driven out of Florence through the influence of Girolamo Savonarola and King Charles VIII of France. The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. Although the Medici had lost support in recent years, Florentines sincerely mourned Lorenzo’s premature death. Additionally, when did Lorenzo de Medici die? The first season chronicled the life of Cosimo de' Medici (Richard Madden) while Seasons 2 and 3 follows the life of Lorenzo de' Medici who was also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Daniel Sharman). [36] Savonarola visited Lorenzo on his deathbed. [14], Lorenzo was described as rather plain of appearance and of average height, having a broad frame and short legs, dark hair and eyes, a squashed nose, short-sighted eyes and a harsh voice. Lorenzo de'Medici was a statesman and patron of the arts in Florence, Italy, during the 15th century. Born in Florence, he was a son of Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici and Alfonsina Orsini. Earlier in that year, 16-year-old Clarice was betrothed to 20-year-old Lorenzo by his mother, Lucrezia de Medici (1425–1482). [17], Lorenzo, like his grandfather, father, and son, ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils by means of payoffs and strategic marriages. In the opening scene of the series, we see how the father … Recognizing his brother’s superior qualities, Giuliano immediately left to Lorenzo the tasks of government. Lorenzo maintained good relations with Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire, as the Florentine maritime trade with the Ottomans was a major source of wealth for the Medici. His life coincided with the mature phase of Italian Renaissance, and his death coincided with the end of the Golden Age of Florence. Symbols and places mentioned in Dan Brown’s novel Inferno, and much more about Florence, By clicking on "Subscribe" you agree to receive our newsletter. Upon the death of his father, Piero came to power at age 21 without difficulty. Season 3 which is now streaming on Netflix also serves as the last season for the show -- Lorenzo was, after all, the last great Medici. He died on April 9, 1492, from an inherited disease that degenerated into an infection causing gangrene of the leg. Lorenzo’s influence on the patronage of others extended outside Florence’s borders. [9] With his brother Giuliano, he participated in jousting, hawking, hunting, and horse breeding for the Palio, a horse race in Siena. [30] They studied Greek philosophers and attempted to merge the ideas of Plato with Christianity. Live webinar to learn about the art, history and architecture of Florence. On April 9, the 43-year-old Florentine finally died. Spreading Art. Lorenzo de’ Medici died at the Villa Medici at Careggi, on April 8, 1492, reportedly dying peacefully after hearing the day’s Scripture readings. Alternative Titles: Lorenzo il Magnifico, Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was so important that people referred to him as 'il Magnifico,' the Magnificent. During his tenure, several branches of the family bank collapsed because of bad loans, and, in later years, he got into financial difficulties and resorted to mis-appropriating trust and state funds. [5] On the foreign policy front, Lorenzo manifested a clear plan to stem the territorial ambitions of Pope Sixtus IV, in the name of the balance of the Italian League of 1454. [2][3][4] Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico [loˈrɛntso il maɲˈɲiːfiko]) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. Read Also: 10 Facts about Lord Nelson. This he did, ruling as his father and grandfather had done, from behind the scenes and without holding any public office. Lorenzo emerged from the conflict with greatly increased prestige. Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (September 12, 1492 – May 4, 1519) was the ruler of Florence from 1513 to his death from syphilis in 1519. Facts about Lorenzo de Medici 2: the life and death. Alum had been discovered by local citizens of Volterra, who turned to Florence to get backing to exploit this important natural resource. [10] Niccolò Machiavelli also wrote of the occasion, perhaps sarcastically, that he won "not by way of favour, but by his own valour and skill in arms". "[16], Lorenzo, groomed for power, assumed a leading role in the state upon the death of his father in 1469, when he was 20. In 1471, Lorenzo calculated that his family had spent some 663,000 florins (about US$460 million today) on charity, buildings and taxes since 1434. During Lorenzo's tenure, several branches of the family bank collapsed because of bad loans, and in later years he got into financial difficulties and resorted to misappropriating trust and state funds. Many things ceased to exist or failed as a result of Lorenzo’s death. Cosimo the Elder was very fond of Lorenzo and ensured that he had the opportunity to study with the best teachers of the time. Ascending to power after the death of his father, he became the sole unchallenged ruler of Florence during its most prosperous years. In 1469, aged 20, he won first prize in a jousting tournament sponsored by the Medici. Lorenzo was considered the brightest of the five children of Piero and Lucrezia. Lorenzo would succeed to this unofficial but immensely powerful position on Piero's death in late 1469. He was a writer, a poet and a great patron: in these capacities he did so much to beautify his beloved Florence. Lorenzo, like his grandfather, father, and son, ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils, threats, payoffs, and strategic marriages.Although Florence flourished under Lorenzo’s rule, he effectively reigned as a despot, and people had little political freedom. In the period between 1469 and 1472, he completely reformed state institutions, suppressed all rivalries existing between families and resolved all family problems to become the supreme arbiter in every question of dynasty. The Sistine Chapel wouldn’t be what it is without Lorenzo de’ Medici. The latter holds the two monumental tombs of Lorenzo and Giuliano's less known namesakes: Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours. [22] News of the conspiracy spread throughout Florence, and it was brutally put down by the populace through such measures as the lynching of the archbishop of Pisa and members of the Pazzi family who were involved in the conspiracy. [21] Shockingly, Salviati acted with the blessing of his patron Pope Sixtus IV. Pictures by Wikimedia Commons and Lorenzo il Magnifico by Riccardo M. (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). [6] Lorenzo's father, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, was equally at the centre of Florentine civic life, chiefly as an art patron and collector, while Lorenzo's uncle, Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, took care of the family's business interests. Lorenzo enriched the family church of San Lorenzo, where the tomb of Piero and Giovanni de’ Medici was completed by Verrocchio between 1469 and 1472. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo and his family for three years, dining at the family table and participating in discussions led by Marsilio Ficino. He continued the Medici patronage of ecclesiastical institutions. Lorenzo married Clarice Orsini by proxy on 7 February 1469. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence. Rival Florentine families inevitably harboured resentment over the Medici’s dominance, and enemies of the Medici remained a factor in Florentine life long after Lorenzo’s passing. In declining health for some three years, Lorenzo died on April 9, 1492, at age 43. Lorenzo de’ Medici died in 1492. Thereafter, Lorenzo, like his grandfather Cosimo de’ Medici, pursued a policy of maintaining peace, balancing power between the northern Italian states, and keeping the other major European states such as France and the Holy Roman Empire’s Habsburg rulers out of Italy. Clarice Orsini de Medici (1453-1488) - Married Lorenzo de' Medici by proxy on February 7 1469. Giuliano, on the other hand, was regarded as handsome and a "golden boy", and was used as a model by Botticelli in his painting of Mars and Venus. Giuliano was killed, brutally stabbed to death, but Lorenzo escaped with only a minor wound to the neck, having been defended by the poet Poliziano. Legend says that in his early childhood, Lorenzo demonstrated unusual intelligence, good taste, curiosity and prodigious memory, all of which was accompanied by a healthy dose of wit, a trait held by many famous Florentines. collapsed with his death. You can watch Showtime’s The Borgias , … Ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance who was a renowned patron of the arts. She became her son’s advisor after the deaths of his father and uncle. Facts about Lorenzo de Medici 3: the impact of Medici’s death Gian Gastone, who came to power in 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without … Giovanni later ruled as Pope Leo … He was also Duke of Urbino from 1516 to 1519. 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